Cannabinoids
Cannabinoids are naturally occurring chemical compounds unique to the cannabis plant. They interact with the endocannabinoid system in the human body, influencing various physiological processes.
There are 2 primary Cannabinoids found in Cannabis: Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol(THC) and Cannabidiol(CBD)
THC is responsible for the psychoactive effects of cannabis. It binds to CB1 receptors in the brain and central nervous system, leading to altered perception, mood changes, and relaxation.
CBD is non-psychoactive and does not produce the euphoria associated with THC. It interacts with various receptors in the body, such as CB1 and CB2 receptors, and is believed to have potential therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anxiolytic, and antipsychotic properties.
Terpenes
Terpenes are aromatic compounds found in various plants, including cannabis. They contribute to the distinct aroma and flavor of different cannabis strains. Additionally, terpenes may also interact with cannabinoids to produce specific effects.
3 of the most common terpenes found in cannabis are Myrcene, Limonene, and Pinene.
Myrcene - Known for its relaxing and sedative effects. It is also found in hops and gives certain strains their "earthy" aroma.
Limonene - Provides a citrusy scent and is associated with mood elevation and stress relief.
Pinene - Has a pine-like aroma and may have anti-inflammatory properties.
Flavonoids
Flavonoids are phytonutrients that contribute to the pigmentation of cannabis. They have antioxidant properties and may play a role in the overall therapeutic effects of cannabis.
In more general terms, flavonoids are responsible for the vibrant colors seen in many fruits, vegetables, and flowers. They play essential roles in plant growth, reproduction, and defense against pathogens and UV radiation.
Chlorophyll and Carotenoids
Chlorophyll and Carotenoids are essential for photosynthesis, the process by which plants generate energy from sunlight.
During photosynthesis, chlorophyll captures light energy from the sun and uses it to drive a series of chemical reactions. This process allows plants to produce their own food, providing the energy necessary for growth and development. The oxygen released during photosynthesis also plays a vital role in maintaining the Earth's atmosphere, supporting the respiration of animals and other organisms.
While carotenoids are not directly involved in the initial light absorption for photosynthesis, they serve as accessory pigments. They help to broaden the range of light wavelengths that can be absorbed by the plant, enhancing overall photosynthetic efficiency.
Besides these essential functions, chlorophyll is responsible for the green color of cannabis, while carotenoids provide yellow, orange, and red hues.